Hybrid Node Deployment Algorithm to Mitigate the Coverage Whole Problem in Wireless Sensor Network

Due to random deployment of static sensor nodes and environmental factors existence of holes in wireless sensor networks is inevitable. This holes results in reducing the data transmission performance and in additional energy consumption. Consequently, the hole problem is an important factor for prolonging the network lifetime. The network lifetime can be improved by deploying additional mobile sensors with the initial static sensor deployment. Finding the number of additional sensors used is a optimization problem. To solve this we are proposing a Hybrid Electromagnetism like algorithm (EM) with genetic operators to obtain the best/optimal coverage of network area by sensor nodes. A new approach calculates the coverage rate of the sensors by using binary detection model and applies the EM with genetic operators in order to obtain the optimal solution within the minimum iterations. A simulation result shows that the Hybrid EM algorithm with genetic operator performs better than basic GA based node redeployment.